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35 Preparing consumables and equipmentTo reduce the risk of cross-contamination, gather any supplies you may need before starting the procedure. Think, for example, of the type of film holders, cotton rolls and bite wing tabs that may be needed if the patient has a toothless area. If you need additional supplies during the procedure, use gloves (gloves for grocers) or ask someone for help. Preparation is important for both infection control and time saving. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, a trademark of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 35 5 Legal issues There are three broad categories of legal considerations that the dental assistant should be aware of regarding the use of X-rays in dentistry: Federal and state regulations for X-ray machines and their use Approval for people exposed to X-rays Risk management to avoid potential litigation Who determines the eligibility criteria for people who receive X-rays? What law requires those who take X-rays to be trained and certified? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, a trademark of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5 11 Liability Under state law, the supervising dentist is legally responsible for the acts of the dental assistant dentist. This is called the Superior Respondent Doctrine. This means that the employer is responsible for the employee`s actions. Although dental assistants work under the supervision of a licensed dentist, they can also be held legally responsible for their own actions.

When can an assistant be held accountable? (All of this is done maliciously.) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, a trademark of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 20 Fig. 40-2 Display box with clean plexiglass and new bulb. Striped plexiglass or weak blisters can make it difficult to read X-rays. The maintenance of these items is part of quality assurance. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, a trademark of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20 18 Learning Objectives Name the eight recommended annual tests for X-ray machines. Describe the components of a quality assurance program.

Describe quality control testing of treatment solutions. Explain how to use a quilting corner. Discuss the purpose of a reference X-ray. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, a trademark of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18 INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES Personal protection Treat any body fluid as if it were infectious Hand hygiene is the most important infection control. This bingo card is 16 words: artifact, confidential, disclosure, image receiver, informed consent, liability, malpractice, negligence, free!, positioning device, quality assurance, quality control testing, risk management, standard of care, corner step and view box. 4 Introduction As a dental assistant, it is your responsibility to understand the laws that apply to you when interpreting dental X-rays. Federal and state regulations govern the use of dental X-ray machines. In order to ensure the best quality and minimal risk to patients exposed to radiation, a quality assurance program is necessary.

Dental X-ray procedures are generally not considered a high risk of disease transmission. However, infectious diseases pose a significant danger in the dental office, and dentists have an increased risk of such diseases. Who should infection control policies protect? (Patients and staff.) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, a trademark of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4 40 Film holding devices Film holding instruments and bite blocks placed in the patient`s mouth are semi-critical objects and must be sterilized or thoroughly disinfected before being reused. The alternative is to use disposable film adapters and dispose of them after a single use. Sterilized sequences should remain packaged until the patient is seated and the patient can see the opening of the package. Patients appreciate knowing that proper infection control procedures are in place throughout the practice. XCP (Extension-Cone-Paralleling) devices must be placed in a sterilization bag and steam sterilized. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, a trademark of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 40 25 Learning Objectives Explain infection control requirements for preparation for radiographic surgery.

Implement Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for infection control in dental radiology. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, a trademark of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25 19 Quality Assurance in Dental PracticeQuality assurance is a way to ensure that every effort is made to produce high-quality diagnostic X-rays. It includes both quality control testing to monitor the condition of dental X-ray equipment, display boxes, consumables, and film processing and quality management procedures, including maintenance records and other protocols. Although the dentist is responsible for these tasks, the tasks themselves are usually left to the assistants. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, a trademark of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19 26 Infection Control in Dental X-rayDental X-ray presents unique infection control issues due to the risk of contamination by users and cross-contamination of other patients and other members of the dental team.

The constant movement of the operator from the oral cavity to the exposure controls outside the operator to the darkroom and finally to the assembly of the film increases the risk of exposure to other infectious diseases. If a film with an outer barrier is used, the barrier should be removed and placed in an aseptic container. As a result, the darkroom remains aseptic. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, a trademark of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26 12 Patient records It is very important to document exposure to dental X-rays. The number of films exposed as well as the quality of X-ray images can be a significant problem in malpractice proceedings. Poor-quality, non-diagnostic X-rays shed the wrong light on the dentist.

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